Rising concerns about inflation, higher government borrowing and mounting debt have pushed bond yields higher, creating additional challenges for equity markets.
The situation has been compounded by renewed tensions in the Middle East, which have contributed to higher oil prices and increased fears that elevated energy costs could fuel inflation.
Despite those concerns, Wednesday's advance suggested some investors were willing to return to stocks following the recent declines, particularly where prices appeared to have fallen too far.
The market rebound was broad, with smaller companies also performing strongly. Semiconductor stocks including Broadcom, Nvidia, Micron and Qualcomm posted gains, while airlines, regional banks and precious-metals miners were among the stronger-performing sectors.
However, pressure remained on parts of the technology sector, particularly software and services companies, amid concerns about the potential impact of artificial intelligence on some businesses.